Scientific Studies

LANDMARK FOUNDATION STUDY: Molecular hydrogen selectively neutralizes hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) – the most harmful free radicals – without affecting useful signaling molecules. Laid the scientific foundation for all subsequent HRW research.

Confirms antioxidant properties of HRW; HRW neutralizes free radicals and mitigates oxidative stress through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways. Further large-scale RCTs required.

Antioxidant capacity (BAP) ↑ in subjects ≥30 years; apoptosis of white blood cells ↓; NF-κB and inflammatory genes downregulated. Shows measurable antioxidant effects in humans.

Electrolyzed HRW shows strong antioxidant capabilities and interrupts the interplay between ROS and inflammatory reactions. Therapeutic potential for pain treatment and inflammatory diseases.

Biological effects: reduction of oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory action, regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, protection of mitochondrial function, regulation of apoptosis. Clinical potential for prevention and therapy.

Urine 8-OHdG (DNA damage) −14.3% (p<0.01); disease activity DAS28: 3.83 → 3.02 (p<0.01). 5/5 early RA patients without ACPA antibodies achieved remission, 4 of them symptom-free. Very remarkable results in a small sample.

H₂ regulates oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis; can rapidly penetrate cell membranes; promising potential for acute and chronic inflammatory diseases including COVID-19.

Inflammatory and cytokine signaling pathways downregulated (TNF, IL-1β, etc.); trend toward reduced oxidative stress; 6 central regulated genes identified. New application for altitude sickness.

HRW significantly reduced IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and 8-hydroxyguanosin; inhibited oral pathogens in periodontitis patients. Effective reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress in the oral cavity.

LARGEST LONG-TERM RCT TO DATE: Significant reduction of cholesterol, fasting glucose, and HbA1c. Improvement of inflammatory and redox markers versus placebo (p<0.05). Most robust long-term evidence for HRW.

Reduced liver fat accumulation (MRI measurement); improved liver enzyme levels (AST ↓). First evidence for HRW in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Craving attacks ↓ (p=0.05); subjective sleep quality ↑ (p=0.05); total (p=0.02) and LDL cholesterol ↓ (p=0.04). Effects particularly pronounced in women. New evidence for appetite regulation.

Psychometric fatigue after exertion significantly reduced; enhanced endurance performance on bicycle ergometer. Largest single study on HRW & endurance.

Blood lactate at higher intensities (3.0 and 4.0 W/kg) significantly lower than under placebo. Clear evidence for lactate-reducing effect of HRW during sports.

Improved muscle performance; better lactate response; relief of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after 24 h. Combination of performance and recovery effects. Findings on muscle soreness are inconsistent (see No. 16).

Significant improvement of muscle endurance in trained individuals; recovery from muscle soreness was not accelerated.

No significant effects on aerobic/anaerobic endurance; H₂ nevertheless significantly improved explosive power of the lower extremities and reduced blood lactate (BLA) and perceived exertion (RPE).

Pilot study of training-related biomarkers (creatine kinase, myoglobin, testosterone, sleep quality) after resistance training in older adults. First data for this target group.

HRW prevented increase in blood lactate during intense exertion; dampened decline in peak torque. First pilot study on HRW & athletic performance.

Muscle mass ↑; fat mass ↓; muscle strength ↑; creatine kinase (muscle damage marker) ↓; antioxidant response positively modulated. Most comprehensive study on HRW & muscle recovery.

Creatine kinase activity ↓; perceived muscle soreness ↓; countermovement jump height ↑ after 12 h. Promising hydration strategy for double training days.

Moderate evidence: H₂ significantly alleviates fatigue; no significant improvement in aerobic capacity. Effects depend on training status, duration, and exercise type.

H₂ significantly improved antioxidant capacity (BAP), especially during interval exertions. No direct effect on d-ROMs (oxidative stress marker). Antioxidant effect during sports proven.

H₂ inhalation reduced inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and dampened TBARS increase; SOD activity ↑. Mechanistic basis for anti-inflammatory recovery effect.

H₂ contributes to genomic stability, mitigates cellular senescence, is involved in telomere preservation. Antioxidant properties neutralize hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite. Potential for age-related diseases.

HRW suppressed age-related oxidative damage in periodontal tissue. Anti-aging effects on periodontal oxidative damage demonstrated.

Wrinkles ↓; blotches ↓; skin moisture ↑; oiliness modulated. Antioxidant capacity in blood ↑. First evidence of anti-aging effect on skin.

KEY STUDY: Telomere length ↑ in HRW group vs. ↓ in control (p=0.049); TET2 expression (DNA methylation) significantly higher; brain metabolites (choline, NAA, creatine) ↑; chair-stand test (mobility) ↑ (p=0.01). First human study on HRW & telomeres.

H₂ significantly reduced hydroxyl radical formation; protected DNA nucleobases from radiation-induced damage. Mechanistic evidence for DNA protection by H₂.

K6 scores (mood & anxiety) ↓; sympathetic nerve activity at rest ↓. HRW improves quality of life through effects on CNS functions, mood, anxiety, and autonomic nervous system.

HRW prevented chronic stress-induced depressive behavior in mice by suppressing inflammasome activation and reducing IL-1β and ROS. Mechanistic evidence for antidepressant effect.

Combined treatment reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines; improved physical health. No significant difference from control group in anxiety symptoms, but biomarker improvement.

Reactive oxygen metabolites ↓; quality of life (QOL) ↑ in cancer patients during radiotherapy; no impairment of antitumor effect. Clinically significant for oncological supportive therapy.

PMS symptom scores significantly ↓ (p<0.001); physical and mental quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) ↑. First RCT on HRW & PMS – promising results.

Pain ↓; itching ↓; visual scar score ↓; pigmentation ↓; TRPV1, HIF-1α, VEGF, TGF-β ↓; anti-inflammatory IL-10 ↑. First study on HRW for keloid scars.

EHW alleviated TNBS-induced abdominal pain and colonic inflammation; reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines; suppressed ROS overproduction; reduced S100A9 expression. Potential for IBD.